The Effect of Physical Exercise Training on Neck and Shoulder Muscle Function Among Military Helicopter Pilots and Crew: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Source: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7719717/

Exercises included:
Upper cervical flexion/extension from a supine position, and cervical rotation against mild resistance. (used elastic training bands for resistance
Conclusions:
Specific exercise training targeting the neck and shoulder muscles significantly improved MVC and RTD in the upper neck extensors of participants in the ETG.

"WHY" it works:
Some examples of studies into strength training techniques for the neck muscles.

Effects of exercise therapy using elastic bands on strength and pain in women with non-specific neck pain: A randomised controlled trial.

Source:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10695995

Conclusions

The assessed exercise therapy program utilizing elastic bands demonstrated favorable outcomes in managing non-specific neck discomfort. This intervention resulted in pain reduction and enhanced endurance of the cervical flexor and extensor muscles, along with improved endurance of the scapular stabilizing muscles.